PHYSICIAN AS A MANAGER: PERSONAL AND MANAGERIAL CHARCTERISTICS, SAUDI ARABIA
الملخص
BACKGROUND: The emergence of physicians' roles in key adminstrative positions within many King Saudi Arabia health care organizations has represented a major change in the medical profession over the last two decades. This have created a need for physicians who are willing to assume a high level of responsibility for managing evovling health care organizations. The study explores the perception of physician managers regarding their work, personal and managerial characteristics.
METHODS: The data for this study were obtained from a sample of 200 physicians working in management positions in different health care organizations in Riyadh. Physicians were selected at random with probability proportional to size from a list containing managers in all health care organization to participate in the study
RESULTS: Our results indicated that physician managers lack admistration skills. No formal training in medical adminstration and management because management principles are not integrated in the medical context and the majority were experienced in management for less than four years. Very few possess the technical comptencies such as strategic planning, financial and economics knowledge. Boredom with medical practice, improvement of personal position and encouragement from others are related to being older, having more years in medicine and interest in medicine is reduced. The finding also supported the notion that physician manager can maintain stable levels of loyality to professional interest and organization. This dual commitment is related to work-relate characteristics involving sharing his time favorably to management job and to patient care.
Recommendation: To improve their management skills physicians can benefit from mamagement education programs such as those offered by King Saud University.
المراجع
2- Robbins C, Bradly E, Spicer M. Developing a leadership in health care administration: A competency assessment tool. J. Healthc. Manag 2001; 46: 188 – 97.
3- Gatrell J, White T. Doctors and management-the development dilemma. J Manag Med 1996; 10: 6-12.
4- Brandt J, Broyles R, Falcone D. Roles of hospitals administrators in South Carolina. Hosp Health Serv Adm 1996; 41:373 – 82.
5- Rundall TG, Davies HT, Hodges CL. Doctor-manager relationships in the United States and the United Kingdom. J Healthc Manag 2004; Jul-Aug;49(4)
6- Hoff T. Physician executives in managed care: characteristics and job involvement across two career stages. J Healthc Manag 1998; 43:481-97.
7- Timothy J. Professional commitment among US physician executives in manged care. Soc Sci Med 2000; 50:1433-1444.
8- Carruthers CC. Physician managers in the Canadian context. Hosp Q 2000; 4: 43.
9- Guthri M. Challenges in developing physician leadership and management. Front. Health Serv Manage 1999; 15:3 -26.
10- Lindholm M, Dejin- Karlsson E, Westin J, Hagstorm B. Physicians as clinical directors:working conditions, psychosocial resources and self-rated health. Occupational Medicine 2004; 54: 3-26.
11- Clina V, Juhani L, et al. Doctor-managers as decision makers in hospitals and health centers. J. Health. Organ. Manag 2006; 20:85-94.
12- Elina V, Juhani L, Tiina TJ, Kari M, Irma V, Mauri I, Harri H, Esko K, Hannu H, Santero K, Jukka V. Doctor-managers as decision makers in hospitals and health centres. J Health Organ Manag 2006; 20:85-94.
13- Hoff T. 2001. Exploring dual commitment among physician executives in managed care. J Healthc Care Manage 2001; 46: 91 – 111.
14- Forbes T, Hallier J. 2004. Kelly L. Doctors as managers: investors and reluctant in a dual role. Health Serv Manage Res 2004; 17:167-76.
15- Dorthy SL. Defining competencies and performance indicators for physicians in medical management. Am J Prev Med 1998; 14:229-239.
16- Lenaz MP. Why physicians move into management. Conn Med 2003; 67:423-426.
17- Vinson C. Administrative knowledge and skills needed by physician executives. Physician Exec 1994; 20:3-7.
18- Scwartz R, Pogge C, Gillis S, Holsinger J. Programs for the development of physicians leaders: a curricular process in infancy. J Acad Med 2000; 75:133 – 140.
19- Eggert R, Parkinson M. Preventive medicine and health system reform: improving physician education, training and practice. JAMA 1994; 272: 688 – 93.
20- Scwartz R, Pogge C. Physician leadership: essential skills in a changing environment. Am J Surg 2000; 180: 187 – 92.
21- Roemer L. Hospital middle managers': Perception of their work and competence. Hosp Health Serv Adm 1996; 41: 210-29.
22- Rainnich D, Lelen H, Maileon A. The optimality of hospital financial system: The role of physician manager interactions. Int J Health Care Finance. Econ 2008; 245 – 256.
23- Rosenstein AH. Physician involvement in supply and materials management. Physician Exec 2004; 30:42-48.
24- Danzi J, Boom M. Fundamentals of financial statement anaylsis for academic physician managers. Acad Med 1998; 73: 363-369.
25- Williams M. Doctors need training in management skill. British Med J 1997; 315: 817.
26- Pollard M. Doctors in management. On the side walk. Health Serv J 2001; 111:22-5.
27- Kumpusalo E, Virjo I, Mattila, K, Halila H. Managerial skills of principal physicians assessed by their colleagues. A lesson from Finland. J Health Organ Manag 2003; 17:457-62.
28- Sockalingam S, Stergiopoulos V, Maggi J. Physician as managers: Psychiatry residents' perceived gaps in knowledge and skills in adminstrative psychiatry. Acad Med 2007; 31: 304-307.
29- Brandt J, Edward N, Broyles RW, Falcon DJ. Roles of hospital administrators in South Carolina. Hosp. Health Serv Adm 1996; 41: 373-382.
30- Guthrie M. Engaging physicians in performance improvement. Am J Med Quarl 2005; 20: 235-238.
31- Alshweer AS. Do we need a Saudi physician? Al-Riyadh Newspaper 2000.
32- Richard W, Caroline P. Physician leadership: Essential skills in a changing environment. The American J of Surgery 2000; 180: 187-192.
33- Kenneth H, Sandra L, Richard W. Gaining hospital adminstraters' attention: ways to improve physician-hospital management dialogue. Surgery 2005; 137:132-140.
34- Williams SJ. What skills do physician leaders need now and in the future?
Physician Exec 2001; 27:46-8
