Ductal Carcinoma in situ of the female Breast
Abstract
The breast is the most common site of cancer in females in many parts of the world. Mammary carcinoma is either ductal arising from ducts or lobular arising from lobules. When ductal carcinoma is still confined to the mother duct it is called ductal carcinoma in situ "DCIS" & when confined to the lobules it is called lobular carcinoma in situ "LCIS".
References
References:
1. Bloodgood-JC: Comedocarcinoma or comedoadenoma of the female breast: Am. J. cancer: 1934; 22: 842 – 853.
2. Fechner-ER: One century of mammary carcinoma in situ. Am J of Clinical Pathology. 1993; 100: 654 – 661.
3. William McCarty-WC: Carcinoma of the breast. Transact South Surg. Gynaecol Assoc. 1911; 23: 262-270.
4. McCarty-WC: The histogenesis of cancer of the breast & its clinical significance. Surg Gynaecol Obst. 1913; 17: 441 – 459.
5. Ewing-J: Neoplastic diseases. A textbook on tumours. Philadelphia. Saunders Co. 1919; PP: 473, 484, 495.
6. Dawson EK: Carcinoma of the mammary lobule & its origin. Edinburgh Medical J. 1933; 40: 75 – 82.
7. Brooders-AC: Carcinoma in situ contrasted with benign penetrating epithelium. JAMA, 1932;99: 1670 - 1674.
8. Miur -R: The pathogenesis of Paget’s disease of the nipple & associated lesions. Br. J. Surg. 1943, 1935;22: 728 - 737
9. Foote-FW, Stewart FW: A histologic classification of carcinoma of the breast. Surgery. 1945; 17: 74 - 99.
10. Foote-FW, Stewart FW: Tumours of the breast. Atlas of tumour pathology, fascicle 34, Washington, DC: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. 1950.
11. Ackerman-LV: Surgical Pathology. St. Lewis, Mo: CV Mosby Co. 19.5.1.
12. Debnath j, Mills KR, Collins NL, Reginato MJ, Muthuswamy SK, Brugge JS: The role of apoptosis in creating & maintaining luminal space within normal & oncogene expressing mammary acini. Cell. 2002;111: 29 – 40.
13. Ernster VL, Ballard Barbash R, Barlow WE, Zheng Y, Weaver DL, Cutter G, et al: Detection of DCIS in women undergoing screening mammography. J Natl Cancer Inst2002;94:1546-1554.
14. Ernster VL, Barclay J: Increases in DCIS of the breast in relation to mammography: a dilemma. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 1997;22:151-156.
15. Curran RC & Jones EL: Tumours structure & diagnosis. Harvey Miller. 1991, 111 -172.
16. Claus EB. Stowe M, Carter D: Breast carcinoma in situ: risk factors & screening pattern. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001;93:1811-1817.
17. Kerlikowske K, Barclay J, Grady D, Sickles EA, Ernster V: Comparison of risk factors for ductal carcinoma in situ & invasive breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1997;89:76-82.
18. Brinton LA, hoover R, Fraumeni JF Jr: Epidemiology of minimal breast cancer. JAMA. 1983;249:483-487.
19. Weiss HA, Brinton LA, Brogan D, Coates RJ, Gammon MD, Malone KE, et al: Epidemiology of in situ & invasive breast cance in women aged under 45. Br J Cancer. 1996;73:1298-1305.
20. Longnecker MP, et al: Risk factors for in situ breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiologicl Biomarkers Prev. 1996;5:961-965.
21. Gapstur SM, Morrow M, Sellers TA: Hormone replacement therapy & risk of breast cancer with a favourable histology: results of the Iowa Women’s Health Study. JAMA. 1999;281:2091-2097.
22. Henrich JB, Kornguth PJ, Viscoli CM, Horwitz RI: Postmenopausal oestrogen use & invasive versus in situ breast cancer risk. J Clin Epidemiol. 1998;51”1277-1283.
23. Stanford JL, et al: Combined oestrogen & progestin hormone replacement therapy in relation to risk of breast cancer in middle aged women. JAMA. 1995;274:137-142.
24. Schairer C, et al: Menopausal oestrogen & oestrogen-progestin replacement therapy & the risk of breast cancer. Cancer Causes Control. 1994;5:491-500.
25. Dubin N, et al: Epidemiology of minimal breast cancer among women screened in New York City. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1984.73:1273-1279.
26. Lambe M, et al: Parity, age at first birth & the risk of carcinoma in situ of the beast. Int J Cancer.1998;77:330-332.
27. Trentham-Dietz A, et al; Risk factors for carcinoma in situ of he breast. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2000;9:697-703.
28. Azopardi JG: Problems in breast pathology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1979: 466.
29. Consensus Conference on the the classification of DCIS. The Consensus Conference Committee. Cancer. 1997;80:1798-1802.
30. Monica-M: The natural history of DCIS. Cancer. 1995; 67:1113-1115.
31. Carter-D: Intraductal papillary tumours of the breast, a study of 78 cases. Cancer. 1977; 39:1689-1692.
32. Lagios MD: DCIS pathology & treatment. Surg Clin North Am. 1990;70:853-871.
33. Ottesen GL, et al: DCIS of the female breast. Short term result of a prospective nationwide study. The Danish Breast Canceer Cooperative Group. Am J Surg Pathol. 1992;16:1183-1196.
34. Bellamy CO, et al: Nonivasive ductal carcinoma of the breast: The relevance of histologic categorization. Hum Pathol. 1993;24:16-23.
35. Poller DN, et al: Ideas in pathology. DCIS of the breast: A proposal for new simplified histological classification association between cellular proliferation & c-erb-B-2 protein expression. Modern Path. 1994;7:257-262.
36. Holland R, et al: DCIS; a proposal for a new classification. Semin Diagn Pathol. 1994;11:167-180.
37. National coordination Group for Breast Screening Pathology: Pathology reporting in breast cancer screening. Sheffield: NHSBSP Publications No. 31997:22-27.
38. Lennington WJ, Jensen RA, Dalton LW, Page DL: DCIS of the breast: Heterogeneity of the individual lesions. Cancer. 1994;73:118-124.
39. Scott MA, Page DL, et al: DCIS of the breast; reproducibility of histopathological subtype analysis. Hum Path 1997;28:967-973.
40. Silverstein MJ, et al: A prognostic classification of breast ductal carcinoma in situ. Lancet. 1995;345:1154-1157.
41. Tavassoli FA: DCIS; introduction of the concept of ductal intraepithelial neoplasia. Mod Path. 1998;11:140-154.
42. Warnberg F, et al: DCIS of the breast; a new phenotype classification system & its relation to prognosis. Breast Cancer Research. 2002;73:215-221.
43. Grazia Arpino, Rodolfo Laucirica, Richard M, Elledge: Premalignant & in situ breast dieases: Biology & Clinical Implications. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2005;143:6: 446-457.
44. Sara E Pinder, Ian O Ellis: the diagnosis & management of pre invasive breast disease: DCIS & ADH-Current definitions & classification. Breast Cancer Research. 2003; 5:254 -257.
45. Marc J Van de Vijver & Hans Peterse: The diagnosis & management of pre invasive breast disease: pathological diagnosis-problems with existing classifications. Breast Cancer Research. 2003;5:269.
46. Rosen-PP, Draun-DW, Kinne-DE: The clinical significance of preinvasive breast carcinoma. Cancer. 1980; 46: 919-925.
47. American Joint Committee on Cancer: Cancer staging manual. 6th edition. New York: Springer Verlag;2002:223-240.
48. Padmore RF, et al: Microinvasive breast carcinoma; clinicopathological analysis of a single institution experience. Cancer. 2000;88:1403-1409.
49. Silver SA, Tavassoli FA: Mammary ductal carcinoma in situ with Microinvasion. Cancer. 1998;82:2328-2390.
50. Silverstein-MJ, Weidman-JR, Gamagami-P, Gierson-ED, Colburn-WJ, Roser-RJ: Intraductal carcinoma of the breast; clinical factors influencing treatment choices. Cancer. 1990; 66: 102-108.
51. Silverstein MJ, Lagios MD: DCIS with Microinvasion. In Silverstein MJ, editor. DCIS of the breast. 2nd edition Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. 2002: 523-529.
52. Schmitt SJ: Microinvasive carcinoma of the breast; a diagnosis in search of a definition. Adv Anat Path. 1998;5:367-372.
53. Coyne-J, Baboubi-NY: Microinvasive breast carcinoma with granulomatous stromal response. Histopathology. 1992; 20:184-185.
54. Page-JD, DuPont-WD, Bogers-LW, Schuyler-PA: Continued local recurrence of carcinoma 15-25 yrs after a diagnosis of low grade ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast treated by biopsy. Cancer. 1995; 76: 1197-1291.
55. Lagios-MD, Margolis-FR, Westdal-PR, Rose-MR: Mammographically detected carcinoma in situ; frequency of local recurrence following tylectomy & prognostic effect of nuclear grade on local recurrence Cancer. 198; 63: 618-624.
56. Bestill-WL, Rosen-PP, Lieberman-PM, Robbins-GF: Intraductal carcinoma. Long term follow up after biopsy alone. JAMA. 1978; 239:1863- 1867.
57. Solin-LJ, Yeh-IT, Kurtz-J: Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast treated with breast conserving surgery & definite irradiation. Cancer. 1993; 71: 2532-2542.
58. Kramer-WM, Rush-BF: Mammary duct proliferation in the elderly. Cancer. 1973; 31: 130-137.
59. Alpers-CE, Wellings-SR: the prevalence of carcinoma in situ in normal & cancer associated breasts. Human Path. 1985; 16: 796-809.
60. Neilson-M, Thomsen-JL, Pridahl-S, Dyreborg-U, Andersen-JA: 110 medico legal autopsies. Br. J. Cancer. 1987; 56: 814-817.
61. Howard-PW, Locker-A, Dowel-CS, Ellis-ID, Elstan-CW, Blamey-RW: In situ carcinoma of the breast. Eur. J. Surg. Onc. L. 1989; 15: 328-332.
62. Rosai-j: Borderline epithelial lesions of the breast. Am. J. Surg. Path. 1991; 15: 209-221.
63. Schmitt-SJ, Connolly-JL, Tavssoli-FA, et al: Interobserver reproducibility in the diagnosis of ductal proliferative breast lesion using standardized criteria. Am. J. Surg. Path. 1992; 16: 1133- 1143.
64. Lodato-RF, et al: Immunohistochemical evaluation of C-erb-B-2 oncogen expression in ductal carcinoma in situ & atypical ductal hyperplasia of the breast. Mod. Path. 1990; 3: 449-454.
65. Bartkova-J, Barnes-DM, Milks-RR, Gullik-WJ: Immunohistochemical demonstration of C-erbB-2 protein in mammary ductal carcinoma in situ. Human Path. 1990; 21: 1164- 1167.
1. Bloodgood-JC: Comedocarcinoma or comedoadenoma of the female breast: Am. J. cancer: 1934; 22: 842 – 853.
2. Fechner-ER: One century of mammary carcinoma in situ. Am J of Clinical Pathology. 1993; 100: 654 – 661.
3. William McCarty-WC: Carcinoma of the breast. Transact South Surg. Gynaecol Assoc. 1911; 23: 262-270.
4. McCarty-WC: The histogenesis of cancer of the breast & its clinical significance. Surg Gynaecol Obst. 1913; 17: 441 – 459.
5. Ewing-J: Neoplastic diseases. A textbook on tumours. Philadelphia. Saunders Co. 1919; PP: 473, 484, 495.
6. Dawson EK: Carcinoma of the mammary lobule & its origin. Edinburgh Medical J. 1933; 40: 75 – 82.
7. Brooders-AC: Carcinoma in situ contrasted with benign penetrating epithelium. JAMA, 1932;99: 1670 - 1674.
8. Miur -R: The pathogenesis of Paget’s disease of the nipple & associated lesions. Br. J. Surg. 1943, 1935;22: 728 - 737
9. Foote-FW, Stewart FW: A histologic classification of carcinoma of the breast. Surgery. 1945; 17: 74 - 99.
10. Foote-FW, Stewart FW: Tumours of the breast. Atlas of tumour pathology, fascicle 34, Washington, DC: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. 1950.
11. Ackerman-LV: Surgical Pathology. St. Lewis, Mo: CV Mosby Co. 19.5.1.
12. Debnath j, Mills KR, Collins NL, Reginato MJ, Muthuswamy SK, Brugge JS: The role of apoptosis in creating & maintaining luminal space within normal & oncogene expressing mammary acini. Cell. 2002;111: 29 – 40.
13. Ernster VL, Ballard Barbash R, Barlow WE, Zheng Y, Weaver DL, Cutter G, et al: Detection of DCIS in women undergoing screening mammography. J Natl Cancer Inst2002;94:1546-1554.
14. Ernster VL, Barclay J: Increases in DCIS of the breast in relation to mammography: a dilemma. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 1997;22:151-156.
15. Curran RC & Jones EL: Tumours structure & diagnosis. Harvey Miller. 1991, 111 -172.
16. Claus EB. Stowe M, Carter D: Breast carcinoma in situ: risk factors & screening pattern. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001;93:1811-1817.
17. Kerlikowske K, Barclay J, Grady D, Sickles EA, Ernster V: Comparison of risk factors for ductal carcinoma in situ & invasive breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1997;89:76-82.
18. Brinton LA, hoover R, Fraumeni JF Jr: Epidemiology of minimal breast cancer. JAMA. 1983;249:483-487.
19. Weiss HA, Brinton LA, Brogan D, Coates RJ, Gammon MD, Malone KE, et al: Epidemiology of in situ & invasive breast cance in women aged under 45. Br J Cancer. 1996;73:1298-1305.
20. Longnecker MP, et al: Risk factors for in situ breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiologicl Biomarkers Prev. 1996;5:961-965.
21. Gapstur SM, Morrow M, Sellers TA: Hormone replacement therapy & risk of breast cancer with a favourable histology: results of the Iowa Women’s Health Study. JAMA. 1999;281:2091-2097.
22. Henrich JB, Kornguth PJ, Viscoli CM, Horwitz RI: Postmenopausal oestrogen use & invasive versus in situ breast cancer risk. J Clin Epidemiol. 1998;51”1277-1283.
23. Stanford JL, et al: Combined oestrogen & progestin hormone replacement therapy in relation to risk of breast cancer in middle aged women. JAMA. 1995;274:137-142.
24. Schairer C, et al: Menopausal oestrogen & oestrogen-progestin replacement therapy & the risk of breast cancer. Cancer Causes Control. 1994;5:491-500.
25. Dubin N, et al: Epidemiology of minimal breast cancer among women screened in New York City. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1984.73:1273-1279.
26. Lambe M, et al: Parity, age at first birth & the risk of carcinoma in situ of the beast. Int J Cancer.1998;77:330-332.
27. Trentham-Dietz A, et al; Risk factors for carcinoma in situ of he breast. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2000;9:697-703.
28. Azopardi JG: Problems in breast pathology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1979: 466.
29. Consensus Conference on the the classification of DCIS. The Consensus Conference Committee. Cancer. 1997;80:1798-1802.
30. Monica-M: The natural history of DCIS. Cancer. 1995; 67:1113-1115.
31. Carter-D: Intraductal papillary tumours of the breast, a study of 78 cases. Cancer. 1977; 39:1689-1692.
32. Lagios MD: DCIS pathology & treatment. Surg Clin North Am. 1990;70:853-871.
33. Ottesen GL, et al: DCIS of the female breast. Short term result of a prospective nationwide study. The Danish Breast Canceer Cooperative Group. Am J Surg Pathol. 1992;16:1183-1196.
34. Bellamy CO, et al: Nonivasive ductal carcinoma of the breast: The relevance of histologic categorization. Hum Pathol. 1993;24:16-23.
35. Poller DN, et al: Ideas in pathology. DCIS of the breast: A proposal for new simplified histological classification association between cellular proliferation & c-erb-B-2 protein expression. Modern Path. 1994;7:257-262.
36. Holland R, et al: DCIS; a proposal for a new classification. Semin Diagn Pathol. 1994;11:167-180.
37. National coordination Group for Breast Screening Pathology: Pathology reporting in breast cancer screening. Sheffield: NHSBSP Publications No. 31997:22-27.
38. Lennington WJ, Jensen RA, Dalton LW, Page DL: DCIS of the breast: Heterogeneity of the individual lesions. Cancer. 1994;73:118-124.
39. Scott MA, Page DL, et al: DCIS of the breast; reproducibility of histopathological subtype analysis. Hum Path 1997;28:967-973.
40. Silverstein MJ, et al: A prognostic classification of breast ductal carcinoma in situ. Lancet. 1995;345:1154-1157.
41. Tavassoli FA: DCIS; introduction of the concept of ductal intraepithelial neoplasia. Mod Path. 1998;11:140-154.
42. Warnberg F, et al: DCIS of the breast; a new phenotype classification system & its relation to prognosis. Breast Cancer Research. 2002;73:215-221.
43. Grazia Arpino, Rodolfo Laucirica, Richard M, Elledge: Premalignant & in situ breast dieases: Biology & Clinical Implications. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2005;143:6: 446-457.
44. Sara E Pinder, Ian O Ellis: the diagnosis & management of pre invasive breast disease: DCIS & ADH-Current definitions & classification. Breast Cancer Research. 2003; 5:254 -257.
45. Marc J Van de Vijver & Hans Peterse: The diagnosis & management of pre invasive breast disease: pathological diagnosis-problems with existing classifications. Breast Cancer Research. 2003;5:269.
46. Rosen-PP, Draun-DW, Kinne-DE: The clinical significance of preinvasive breast carcinoma. Cancer. 1980; 46: 919-925.
47. American Joint Committee on Cancer: Cancer staging manual. 6th edition. New York: Springer Verlag;2002:223-240.
48. Padmore RF, et al: Microinvasive breast carcinoma; clinicopathological analysis of a single institution experience. Cancer. 2000;88:1403-1409.
49. Silver SA, Tavassoli FA: Mammary ductal carcinoma in situ with Microinvasion. Cancer. 1998;82:2328-2390.
50. Silverstein-MJ, Weidman-JR, Gamagami-P, Gierson-ED, Colburn-WJ, Roser-RJ: Intraductal carcinoma of the breast; clinical factors influencing treatment choices. Cancer. 1990; 66: 102-108.
51. Silverstein MJ, Lagios MD: DCIS with Microinvasion. In Silverstein MJ, editor. DCIS of the breast. 2nd edition Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. 2002: 523-529.
52. Schmitt SJ: Microinvasive carcinoma of the breast; a diagnosis in search of a definition. Adv Anat Path. 1998;5:367-372.
53. Coyne-J, Baboubi-NY: Microinvasive breast carcinoma with granulomatous stromal response. Histopathology. 1992; 20:184-185.
54. Page-JD, DuPont-WD, Bogers-LW, Schuyler-PA: Continued local recurrence of carcinoma 15-25 yrs after a diagnosis of low grade ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast treated by biopsy. Cancer. 1995; 76: 1197-1291.
55. Lagios-MD, Margolis-FR, Westdal-PR, Rose-MR: Mammographically detected carcinoma in situ; frequency of local recurrence following tylectomy & prognostic effect of nuclear grade on local recurrence Cancer. 198; 63: 618-624.
56. Bestill-WL, Rosen-PP, Lieberman-PM, Robbins-GF: Intraductal carcinoma. Long term follow up after biopsy alone. JAMA. 1978; 239:1863- 1867.
57. Solin-LJ, Yeh-IT, Kurtz-J: Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast treated with breast conserving surgery & definite irradiation. Cancer. 1993; 71: 2532-2542.
58. Kramer-WM, Rush-BF: Mammary duct proliferation in the elderly. Cancer. 1973; 31: 130-137.
59. Alpers-CE, Wellings-SR: the prevalence of carcinoma in situ in normal & cancer associated breasts. Human Path. 1985; 16: 796-809.
60. Neilson-M, Thomsen-JL, Pridahl-S, Dyreborg-U, Andersen-JA: 110 medico legal autopsies. Br. J. Cancer. 1987; 56: 814-817.
61. Howard-PW, Locker-A, Dowel-CS, Ellis-ID, Elstan-CW, Blamey-RW: In situ carcinoma of the breast. Eur. J. Surg. Onc. L. 1989; 15: 328-332.
62. Rosai-j: Borderline epithelial lesions of the breast. Am. J. Surg. Path. 1991; 15: 209-221.
63. Schmitt-SJ, Connolly-JL, Tavssoli-FA, et al: Interobserver reproducibility in the diagnosis of ductal proliferative breast lesion using standardized criteria. Am. J. Surg. Path. 1992; 16: 1133- 1143.
64. Lodato-RF, et al: Immunohistochemical evaluation of C-erb-B-2 oncogen expression in ductal carcinoma in situ & atypical ductal hyperplasia of the breast. Mod. Path. 1990; 3: 449-454.
65. Bartkova-J, Barnes-DM, Milks-RR, Gullik-WJ: Immunohistochemical demonstration of C-erbB-2 protein in mammary ductal carcinoma in situ. Human Path. 1990; 21: 1164- 1167.
Published
2007-01-01
How to Cite
MOHAMED, Elgaili; MOHAMMADANI, A.A.; ELKHATIM, Mukhtar.
Ductal Carcinoma in situ of the female Breast.
Gezira Journal of Health Sciences, [S.l.], v. 3, n. 2, jan. 2007.
ISSN 1810-5386. Available at: <http://37.60.236.48/index.php/gjhs/article/view/261>. Date accessed: 03 june 2026.
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