Production and Characterization of Glucosamine from Bovine Synovial Fluid.
Abstract
Objectives: Glucosamine is a natural aminomonosaccharide, which is a normal constituent of glycosaminoglycans in cartilage matrix and synovial fluid. Glucosamine has a role in the synthesis of cell membrane (building) lining, collagen, osteoid, and bone matrix.
The present work was undertaken to investigate bovine synovial fluid for the production of glucosamine. The method used for isolation of glucosamine included acid hydrolysis of the fluid.
Results: The produced glucosamine(0.73-2.60%) had been purified and characterized by different identification methods that include: chemical colour tests; thin layer chromatography; C18- high performance liquid chromatography and infrared spectrophotometery compared to standard glucosamine.
We can conclude that, there is an essential need for every body to produce and/or to take glucosamine supplements to stimulate the production of synovial fluid which lubricates cartilage and keeps joint healthy. This led to the fact that reliable analytical methods should be carried for quality assessment of glucosamine commercial products used by consumers. In this research the investigated bovine synovial fluid was recognized to afford a considerable amount of glucosamine obtained by acid hydrolysis.
Conclusions: The adopted and the described methods of analysis could be applied in qualitative and quantitative determination surveys of different supplement products containing glucosamine.
References
Davika, RB and Varsha, BP (2006). Studies on effect of pH on Cross-linking of chitosan with sodium tripoly phosphate: A Technical Note. Pharm Sci Tech. 7 (2): Article 50.
Deng, MD (2004). Metabolic engineering for production of glucosamine and N-acetyl glucosamine. Industrial Microbiology Annual Meeting; San Diego, California USA.
Dudly, HW and Felming (1980). Textbook. Spectroscopic methods in organic chemistry. Third edition, McG raw-Hill book company U.K.
Gunstone, FD and Sharp, JT (1970). An introductory course in practical organic chemistry. First edition, William clowes and Co ltd, London,U.K.
Guo, ZC; Han, L; Hu, B and Li, SN (2002). Spectra characteristics of the complexes of glucosamine and carboxymethyl glucosamine with ferrum (II), Zinc (II), Cobalt (II) and Copper (II). Guang Pu Xue Yu Ginag Pu FenXi, 22 (6): 963 – 6.
Johnston, JP (1955). Acomparsion of the properties of hyaluronic acid from normal and pathological human synovial fluids.Biochem. J. 59: 626 – 633.
Kaye, AG and Stacey,M (1950). Observations on the chemistry hyaluronic acid. The283 rd Meeting of the Biochemical Society, London, U.K.
Nguyen, VH (2002). Valorization of chitin with the aim of production of biofungicides. VAR. Veterinary and Agrochemical Research center.
Ogston, AG and Stanier, JE (1950). On the state of hyaluronic acid in synovial fluid. Bicohem.J.46: 364 – 376.
Ogston, AG and Stanier, JE (1952). Further observations on the preparation and composition of the hyaluronic acid complex of ox synovial fluid. Biochem. J. 52(1): 149 – 156.
Preston, BN; Davies, M and ogston, AG (1965). The composition and physicochemical properties of hyaluronic acid prepared from ox synovial fluid and from a case of Mesothelioma. Biochm. J. 96: 449 – 471.
Saraswathy, G; Pal, S; Rose, C and Sastry, TP (2001). Anovel bio-inorganic bone implant containing deglued bone, chitosan and gelatin. Bull Mater. Sci, 24: 415 – 420.
Shriner, RL; Fuson, RC; Curtin, DY and Morrill, TC (1980). The systematic identification of organic compounds. Six edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York, USA.
Tanveer , AK; Kok, KP and Ch'ng, SH(2002). Reporting degree of deacetylation values of chitosan: The influence of analytical methods. J Pharmaceutical Sci, 5 (3): 205 – 212.
Winifred, R (1915). The origin of the glucosamine obtained in the hydrolysis of Boletus edulis. Chemical Research laboratory, United College of St Salvator and St Leonard, University of St Andrews.
Wikipedia, The free Encycolpedia, (2006). N-acetyl glucosamine.
Zhu, X; Cai, J; Yang, J and Su, Q (2005). Determination of glucosamine in impure chitin samples by high performance liquid chromatography. Carbohydrate research. 340: 1732 – 1738.
