Pricing of Sorghum Irrigation Water: A Comparison between Gravity, Spate and Rain-fed Irrigations in Sudan
الملخص
There is global consensus to use scientific approaches to value all natural resources including water resources. Valuation of water is one way of making users more aware of its value. The aims of this paper is to determine the value of water used in agriculture under gravity system in Gezira Scheme and spate irrigation systems in Gash Delta Agricultural Corporation in Sudan. CROPWAT model was used to determine the volume of water supplied for irrigation. Net revenue was calculated to determine the output from agriculture. The main results show that the net values of water are $0.005/m3 and $ 0.001/m3 under gravity and spate irrigation systems respectively. The value of water used in gravity irrigation system is greater than water used in spate irrigation system. These findings will help into setting real value and cost of water in agriculture as the major consumptive sector and hence will help policy makers in developing decisions on agricultural water.
المراجع
Abdeen M.O., 2013. Conservation planning and management of limited water resources in arid and semi-arid areas as economic resources. journal of ecological science research (jesr) vol. 1(2), pp. 28-49, online: http://www.projournals.org/jesr
Abualgasim, M.R., Csaplovice E., Biro, K., 2011. Mapping and monitoring land-cover/land-use change in the Gash agricultural scheme (East¬ern Sudan) using remote sensing. Conference on international research on food security, natural resource man¬agement, and rural development on the margin. www.tropentag.de/2011/ abstracts/full/985.pdf Tropentag 2011, University of Bonn, October 5 - 7, 2011
Barnett, T., 1977. The Gezira Scheme: An Illusion of Development, Frank Cass, London.
Bonnie G.C., 1989. Estimating the Value of Water in Alternative Uses. Natural Resources Journal, Vol. 29. pp 511-527
Bruce A., Harry S., Ray H. Jeff, Dengel, M., 2010. The Economic Value of Water for Agricultural, Domestic and Industrial Uses: A Global Compilation of Economic Studies and Market Prices. Ecosystem Economics, available at http://www.ecosystemeconomics.com/Resources_files/Aylward%20et%20al%20(2010)%20Value%20of%20Water.pdf (accessed 19 August 2014)
Chris P, Pasquale S., Richard. G., Charles M.B., 2009. Increasing productivity in irrigated agriculture: Agronomic constraints and hydrological realities. Agricultural Water Management 96 (2009) 1517–1524
Creedy, J., Van der Ven, McKenzie, K.E., 1998. The demand for water by single-metered and group-metered households. Australian Economic Review, 31(3), 203– 210.
Duke, J. Ehemann, R. Mackenzie, J., 2002. The distributional effects of water quantity management strategies: a spatial analysis. Review of Regional Studies, 32(1), 19 -35.
Elias, E., Salih, A., Alaily, F., 2001. Cracking patterns in the virisols of the Sudan, Gezira at the end of dry season. Journal of International
11
Pricing of Sorghum Irrigation Water Eltigani E.B.
Agro Physics, Vol. 15, No. 3, Institute of Agro Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences.
Faki, H., Osman, M. and Bailey, Ch. 1984. The effect of farm location on cotton yields and farm incomes in the Gezira Scheme in Sudan. Fadl, O. and Charles, B. (Eds.): Conference on Water Distribution in Sudanese Irrigated Agriculture: Productivity and Equity, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan.
FAO, 2010. FAO’s information system on water and agriculture AQUASTAT. Available at: http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/main/index.stm
Frank .A., and Ari. M., 2002. The economic value of water in agriculture: concepts and policy applications. Water Policy 4 (2002) 423–446
Frank, A.W., 2007. Decision support for water policy: a review of economic concepts and tools. Water Policy 9 (2007) 1–31
Gaitskell, A., 1959. Gezira: A Story of Development in the Sudan, edited by K.D.D. Henderson, Faber and Faber, London.
Gibbons, Diana C. "The Economic Value of Water (Washington, DC,
Resources for the Future)." (1986).
International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) (2003a). Gash sustainable livelihoods regeneration project, Formulation Report 1462-SD, Project Management Unit, Republic of Sudan and IFAD, Rome.
International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)., 2003. Gash sustainable livelihoods regeneration project, Formulation Report 1462-SD, Project Management Unit, Republic of Sudan and IFAD, Rome.
Kamal, F.E.; Ibraheim, M.A., El Ghazali, G.M., 2003. Contribution to the flora of Gash Delta, Eastern Sudan. Research Bulletin, No. (123), Agri¬cultural Research’ Centre, King Saud University, pp. (5-20) 2003.
Omer, A.M., 2012. Sustainable water resources management, future demands and adaptation strategies in Sudan, Journal of Environmental Science and Water Resources, Vol.1, No.7, p. 151-168, Nigeria.
Peter, Van Der Zaag and H., Savenije., 2006. Water as an economic good: the value of pricing and the failure of markets. Research Report Series No. 19. UNESCO-IHE, Delft, The Netherlands
12
Abualgasim, M.R., Csaplovice E., Biro, K., 2011. Mapping and monitoring land-cover/land-use change in the Gash agricultural scheme (East¬ern Sudan) using remote sensing. Conference on international research on food security, natural resource man¬agement, and rural development on the margin. www.tropentag.de/2011/ abstracts/full/985.pdf Tropentag 2011, University of Bonn, October 5 - 7, 2011
Barnett, T., 1977. The Gezira Scheme: An Illusion of Development, Frank Cass, London.
Bonnie G.C., 1989. Estimating the Value of Water in Alternative Uses. Natural Resources Journal, Vol. 29. pp 511-527
Bruce A., Harry S., Ray H. Jeff, Dengel, M., 2010. The Economic Value of Water for Agricultural, Domestic and Industrial Uses: A Global Compilation of Economic Studies and Market Prices. Ecosystem Economics, available at http://www.ecosystemeconomics.com/Resources_files/Aylward%20et%20al%20(2010)%20Value%20of%20Water.pdf (accessed 19 August 2014)
Chris P, Pasquale S., Richard. G., Charles M.B., 2009. Increasing productivity in irrigated agriculture: Agronomic constraints and hydrological realities. Agricultural Water Management 96 (2009) 1517–1524
Creedy, J., Van der Ven, McKenzie, K.E., 1998. The demand for water by single-metered and group-metered households. Australian Economic Review, 31(3), 203– 210.
Duke, J. Ehemann, R. Mackenzie, J., 2002. The distributional effects of water quantity management strategies: a spatial analysis. Review of Regional Studies, 32(1), 19 -35.
Elias, E., Salih, A., Alaily, F., 2001. Cracking patterns in the virisols of the Sudan, Gezira at the end of dry season. Journal of International
11
Pricing of Sorghum Irrigation Water Eltigani E.B.
Agro Physics, Vol. 15, No. 3, Institute of Agro Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences.
Faki, H., Osman, M. and Bailey, Ch. 1984. The effect of farm location on cotton yields and farm incomes in the Gezira Scheme in Sudan. Fadl, O. and Charles, B. (Eds.): Conference on Water Distribution in Sudanese Irrigated Agriculture: Productivity and Equity, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan.
FAO, 2010. FAO’s information system on water and agriculture AQUASTAT. Available at: http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/main/index.stm
Frank .A., and Ari. M., 2002. The economic value of water in agriculture: concepts and policy applications. Water Policy 4 (2002) 423–446
Frank, A.W., 2007. Decision support for water policy: a review of economic concepts and tools. Water Policy 9 (2007) 1–31
Gaitskell, A., 1959. Gezira: A Story of Development in the Sudan, edited by K.D.D. Henderson, Faber and Faber, London.
Gibbons, Diana C. "The Economic Value of Water (Washington, DC,
Resources for the Future)." (1986).
International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) (2003a). Gash sustainable livelihoods regeneration project, Formulation Report 1462-SD, Project Management Unit, Republic of Sudan and IFAD, Rome.
International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)., 2003. Gash sustainable livelihoods regeneration project, Formulation Report 1462-SD, Project Management Unit, Republic of Sudan and IFAD, Rome.
Kamal, F.E.; Ibraheim, M.A., El Ghazali, G.M., 2003. Contribution to the flora of Gash Delta, Eastern Sudan. Research Bulletin, No. (123), Agri¬cultural Research’ Centre, King Saud University, pp. (5-20) 2003.
Omer, A.M., 2012. Sustainable water resources management, future demands and adaptation strategies in Sudan, Journal of Environmental Science and Water Resources, Vol.1, No.7, p. 151-168, Nigeria.
Peter, Van Der Zaag and H., Savenije., 2006. Water as an economic good: the value of pricing and the failure of markets. Research Report Series No. 19. UNESCO-IHE, Delft, The Netherlands
12
منشور
2015-01-01
كيفية الاقتباس
B, Eltigani E; GALI, Mohamed E.
Pricing of Sorghum Irrigation Water: A Comparison between Gravity, Spate and Rain-fed Irrigations in Sudan.
Gezira Journal of Economic and Social Sciences, [S.l.], v. 6, n. 2, jan. 2015.
ISSN 1858-6023. متوفر في: <http://37.60.236.48/index.php/gjess/article/view/319>. تأريخ الوصول: 03 june 2026.
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