Determination of Physicochemical  Properties and Fatty Acid Composition of Khella (Ammi visnaga L.) Seeds Oil using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Hadeel A.  Noraldaum; Mohammed O. Babikir; Yasmin Ali Mohamed

Hadeel A. Noraldaum Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan
Mohammed O. Babikir Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan
Yasmin Ali Mohamed University of Gezira

Abstract

Ammi visnaga L. (Family Umbelliferae), also known as Khella Baldi or toothpick weed, is an annual herb indigenous to the Mediterranean region of North Africa, Asia, and Europe. The plant is known to have been used in traditional medicine a long time ago. Nowadays, it is used in modern medicine to treat many aliments such as renal colic and coronary insufficiency, and is used as an antioxidant, antifungal, and antibacterial, with a larvicidal effect on mosquito larvae. The aim of this work is to determine fatty acid composition and physio-chemical properties of oil extracted from the seeds of Ammi visnaga L. Amount of 75 g clean seeds were crushed and the oil was extracted by soxhlet using n-hexane as a solvent. The fixed oil from Ammi visnaga seeds oil was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer. The results obtained contain saturated as well as unsaturated fatty acids of A. visnaga seeds oil. From GC-MS analysis the main constituents of fatty acid oil were Betroselinic acid (62.01%) , Linoleic acid (8.9%), Palmitic acid (6.61%) and butyric acid (1.94%). The physio-chemical analyses of Ammi visnaga seeds oil were also measured according to the American Oil Chemists Society (AOCS) official methods,2003. Results showed that the percentage yield of the oil was 8.6% and the color of the oil was dark green. The density, moisture content and refractive index were 1.44 g/ml ,4.77%, 1.49 respectively. The acid value, saponification number, free fatty acids and peroxide values were in the order 9.61mgKOHg-1, 154.11mgKOHg-1, 6.768mgKOHg-1, 23.022 meqKg-1 respectively. The results revealed that Ammi visnaga oil can be used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. The study recommend to use different solvents to extract oil from the seeds of Ammi visnaga L. and compare their result. Also study the effect of Ammi visnaga oil on microorganisms.

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