Distance based Modelling and Optimization of Wireless Sensor Network Energy Consumption with Adaptive Clustering using Genetic Algorithm

safa Abdelgadir Elfadol; Awadallah M. Ahmed; Yousif E. E. Ahmed

safa Abdelgadir Elfadol University of Gezira
Awadallah M. Ahmed University of Gezira, Faculty of Mathematical and Computer Sciences
Yousif E. E. Ahmed University of Gezira, Faculty of Engineering and Technology

Abstract

Wireless sensor network (WSN), as one of the most important technologies due to its wide variety of applications, consists of various densely deployed sensor nodes inside or very near to application area. WSNs work with several limitations related to resources like battery power, bandwidth, memory and etc. and hence node goes out of energy where it's impossible to recharge or replace the battery of nodes. It has been proved that, long communication distance between sensor nodes and base station (BS) can drain the energy. This paper proposes an approach to optimize the WSN energy consumption of nodes via optimizing the number of clusters that minimizes the transmission distance, for maximizing network lifetime. A genetic algorithm is proposed for sensor nodes clustering to find the optimal number of cluster heads that reduces the energy consumption. The proposed solution considers the communication distance, as a main factor, which is formulated as an objective function to be optimized for the mathematical model constrained by the number of cluster heads. The results were conducted using the proposed GA for different instances with different settings such as the population size, number of cluster-heads, and number of generations. The experimental results show that the algorithm achieved good results and it converges toward the optimal solution through the generations for the different instances. Moreover, the proposed approach reduces the energy consumption more efficient when compared with hierarchical clustering algorithm on minimizing the communicating distance. It is recommended to scale the algorithm to consider a trade-off between the total intra-cluster communication distance and total distance of cluster-heads to BS as a future work.

References

[1] S. N. V. Sruthi C V, "Genetic Algorithm Implementation for Cluster Head Re-election in Oceanic Environment," International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, vol. 5, no. 8, p. 8, 2016.
[2] W. S. ,. S. ,. C. I.F. Akyildiz, "Wireless sensor networks: a survey," Elsevier Science B.V, vol. 38, p. 30, 2002.
[3] K. B. ,. M. Amit Singh, "Clustering and Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network using Genetic Algorithm," International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887), vol. 119 – No.7, p. 4, 2015.
[4] M. H. Y. A. Zahmatkesh, "A Genetic Algorithm-Based Approach for Energy- Efficient Clustering of Wireless Sensor Networks," International Journal of Information and Electronics Engineering, vol. Vol. 2, p. 5, 2012.
[5] A. K. a. A. S. Buttar, "Energy efficient Clustering Techniques using Genetic Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Network: ASurvey," International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology, vol. 2, no. 09, pp. 1-4, 2016.
[6] N. Mittal, "Moth flame optimization based energy efficient stable clustered routing approach for wireless sensor networks," Wireless Personal Communications, vol. 104, no. 2, pp. 677--694, 2019.
[7] S. M. A. ,. S. a. S. S. Mohammed Abo-Zahhad, "A New Energy-Efficient Adaptive Clustering Protocol Based on Genetic Algorithm for Improving the Lifetime and the StablePeriod of Wireless Sensor Networks," International Journal of Energy, Information and Communications, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 47-72, 2014.
[8] S. M. a. A. S. Jamshid Shanbehzadeh, "An Intelligent Energy Efficient Clustering in Wireless Sensor Networks," International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists, vol. 1, pp. 1-5, 2011.
[9] M. T. Mu Tong, "LEACH-B:An Improved LEACH Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network," IEEE, pp. 1-4, 2010.
[10] E. H. a. A. Movaghar, "AN EFFICIENT METHOD BASED ON GENETIC ALGORITHMS TO SOLVESENSOR NETWORK OPTIMIZATION PROBLEM," International journal on applications of graph theory in wireless ad hoc networks and sensor networks , vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1-16, 2011.
[11] P. R. T.Ganesan, "Genetic Algorithm Based Optimization to Improve the Cluster Lifetime by Optimal Sensor Placement in WSN’s," International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, vol. 8, no. 8, pp. 1-9, 2019.
[12] M. A. Mehr, "Design and Implementation a New Energy Efficient Clustering Algorithm using Genetic Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks," World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Computer and Information Engineering, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 1-4, 2011.
[13] M. F. A.-M. ,. A. N. M. ,. A. D. a. A. A. A. Mohammad M. Shurman, "Hierarchical Clustering Using Genetic Algorithm in Wireless SensorNetworks," pp. 20-24, 2013.
[14] C. S. Lalita Yadav, "Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy in Wireless Sensor Network (LEACH)," International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 4661-4664, 2014.
[15] A. K. Jasjot Kaur, "GA Based Balanced Clustering Approach for Energy Efficiency in WSN," vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 24-31, 2015.
[16] M. S. G. P. Nandoori Srikanth, "Efficient Energy Clustering Protocol Using Genetic Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks," JOURNAL OFEngineering Science and Technology Review, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 85-93, 2018.