Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on growth and yield of irrigated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)*
Abstract
Experiments were conducted in winter (2000 2001) and summer (2001) seasons at Elrahad Research Station to investigate the influe- nce of four levels of nitrogen and two levels of phosphorus on growth characters and seed yield of two sunflower cultivars, viz Rodio and Hysun 33. Experiments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Rodio and Hysun 33 varied in their growth characters. Differences between the two cultivars. Were highly significant for plant height, leaf area index, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, head diameter, number of seeds per head, 1000-seed weight and empty seeds percentage. The two cultivars were siY1ificantly different in their seed yield. Nitrogen application significantly increased all growth characters and seed yield of the two cultivars, in both seasons, however, it decreased days to 50% flowering and days to maturity. Nitrogen fertilizer had no significant effect on empty seeds percentage. Phosphorus application signific- antly increased leaf area index, head diameter, number of seeds per head and 1000-seed weight. However, plant height, days to maturity and percentage of empty seeds were not affected. Application of phosphorus had no significant effect on seed yield.
References
Adam, N. MO and H. E. Osman. 1990. Performance of some sunflower Open-pollinated varieties of Blue Nile under Rain and Supplementary IrHgation. Crop Production and Variety Release Committee , Gezira Research Station, Sudan.
Ali, Fe M. 1990. Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on sunflower. Agricultural Research Croporation (ARC). Annual Report (1989/ 90), Gezira Research Station, Sudan.
Ample, R. A. 19800 An assessment of perfonnance of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L) as an oil seed crop in Ghana. Journal of Agicultural Science, Cambridge 94: 319—323.
Babiker, E. A, 1990. Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on growth and yield of hybrid Hysun 33. Annual Report (1989/90) of Elrahad Research Station , Sudan.
Bhan. S. 1977, Studies on optimum scheduling of irrigation, row spacing md fertilizer doses for sunflower in Cental Tract of Uttar Pradish. Indian Journal of Agronomy. 22 (4):212.216.
Daualy, H. S., and K. C Singh. 1980. Fertilizer use in rainfed sunflower, Indian Joumal of Agicultural Sciences 50: 825—828.
Hussein, M. At, A. He Elhattab and Ae K. Aimed. 1981. Effect of plant spacing and N levels on morphological characters, seed yield and quality in sunflower (Helianthus annuus La). Field Crop Abstact 34 (5): 418-419.
Karami, E. 1980. Effect of nitrogen rates and the density of plant population on yield and yield components of sunflower. Indian Journal of Agicultural Science 50 (9): 066 670.
Khalifa, F. M. 1981, Some factors influencing the development of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under dry farrning systems in Sudan. Journal of Ayicultural Science 97 (1):45—53.
Khalifa, F, M. 1984. Effect of spacing on growth and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under two systems of dry farming in Sudan, Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 103: 213 220,
Massey, J. H. 1971. Effect of nitrogen rates and plant spacing on
sunflower yield and other characters, Agonomy Journal 63: 137 —
138.
Nur, I. M. 1978. Sunflower and the protein of unfilled geed' under Sudan conditions. Acta Agonomica, Hungaricae 27: 339 340,
Osman, Ke A, 1995. Response of sunflower varieties to nitrogen and phosphorus Annual Report, El-Obied Research Station, Sudan,
Petrova, M, and I. Kolev. 1976. Ferfilization of sunflower on slightly leached chevozem soils. Pochvozn. Agrohjm 11 : 50—60.
Read, D, E. D. sprott, L. D. Baielly and F. Go Warder. 1977. Residual effect of phosphorus I-for wheat gown on four soil types. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 57: 255-262.
Sami', Suzet 19980 Effect of different phosphorus rates and application time on sunflower •eed yield and yield components. Helia 117-124.
Skoric, D. 1983. Potential of Sunflower Growing in Sudan. Arab Organization for Agricultural Development (AOAD), Khartoum, Sudan,
Tenebe, v.Ae, U. R. Pale, C.A. Okonkwo andB. M. Auwalu. 1996. Response of rainfed sunflower (Helianthus annuus L) to nitrogen rates and plant population in semi arid Savannah region of Nigeria. Journal of Ayonomy and Crop Science 177 (3):205-207.
Zubriski, J. C. and Do C. Zimmerman 1974. Effect of •nitogal, phosphorus and plant density on sunflower. Agronomy Journal 66: 798 – 801.
