Effects of cultivar, irrigation interval and nitrogen on seed yield, oil content and quality of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Abstract
Field trials were carried out during summer (2010/11) and winter (2011/12) seasons. The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of two sunflower cultivars: Hysun33 (hybrid) and Damazin-1 (open-pollinated), three irrigation intervals: (7, 14 and 21 days) and three rates of nitrogen in the form of urea: (0, 86 and 129 kg N/ha) on seed yield, oil content and quality of sunflower. Hysun33 significantly out-performed Damazin-1 in seed yield, oil content and quality during the winter season, while Damazin-1 had a higher seed yield, higher oil content and quality compared with Hysun 33 during the summer season. The 7-day irrigation interval gave the highest seed yield compared with 14 and 21-day irrigation intervals during the summer season. However, the 14-day irrigation interval out-yielded the two other irrigation intervals during the winter season. The highest oil content was obtained by both cultivars (Hysun33 and Damazin-1) in both seasons with 7-day irrigation interval. Nitrogen rate of 129 kg/ha gave the highest seed yield (1.56 and 1.17 t/ha) during the summer season. The highest oil content (39.72% and 35.85%) was obtained when 86 kg N/ha was applied during both seasons. Stearic, palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids were the most dominant fatty acids in sunflower seed oil. Hysun33 significantly out-yielded Damazin-1 in oleic and linoleic acids in both seasons. However, Damazin-1 had significantly higher content of stearic and palmitic acids in both seasons. Based on this study, to obtain high seed yield and high oil content and quality of sunflower, it is recommended to grow Damazin-1 in summer and Hysun33 in winter, irrigate every 14 days and apply 86 kg N/ha for both cultivars.
أجريت التجارب الحقلية خلال العروة الصيفية موسم((11/2010 والشتوية موسم 12/2011)). هدفت الدراسة لمعرفة تأثير صنفي زهرة الشمس: هايصن33 (هجين) ودمازين-1 (مفتوح التلقيح) وثلاث فترات ري: (7، 14 و 21يوم) وثلاث معدلات نيتروجين في صورة يوريا: (صفر، 86 و 129كجم N /هكتار) على إنتاجية وكمية ونوعية زيت زهرة الشمس. تفوق الصنف هايصن33 معنوياً علي الصنف دمازين-1 في الإنتاجية وكمية ونوعية الزيت في العروة الشتوية، بينما أعطي الصنف دمازين-1 أعلى إنتاجية وكمية ونوعية زيت مقارنة بالصنف هايصن33 في العروة الصيفية. أعطت فترة الري كل7 –يوم أعلى إنتاجية بذور مقارنة بفترتي الري و14- 21يوم في العروة الصيفية. تفوقت فترة الري كل –14يوم- إنتاجياً-على الفترتين الأخريين في العروة الشتوية. أعلى كمية زيت تحققت لكلا الصنفين (هايصن33 ودمازين- (1في كلا العروتين عند الري كل 7أيام. حقق معدل النيتروجين ( 129كجم N/هكتار) أعلى إنتاجية بذور خلال العروة الصيفية. تحققت أعلى كمية زيت عند إضافة 86 كجم نيتروجين/هكتارخلال العروتين. أحماض السيتاريك، البالماتيك، الأوليك واللينوليك هي الأحماض الدهنية السائدة في بذرة زهرة الشمس. أظهر الصنف هايصن33 تفوقاً معنوياً علي الصنف دمازين-1 في أحماض الأوليك واللينوليك في كلا العروتين. بينما أعطى الصنف دمازين-1 أعلى محتوى من أحماض السيتاريك والبالماتيك خلال العروتين. بناءاً على هذه الدراسة للحصول على أعلى إنتاجية وأعلى كمية ونوعية زيت زهرة الشمس يوصى بزراعة الصنف دمازين-1 في العروة الصيفية والصنف هايصن33 في العروة الشتوية والري كل 14يوماً وإضافة 86 كجم نيتروجين/هكتار لكلا الصنفين.
References
Association of Analytical Chemists. Suite 400, 2200 Wilson
Boulevard. Arlington, Virginia, 22201 USA.
Ahmed, F.E., M. A. Badr Eldin and M.A. Ahmed.2006. Effect of
irrigation intervals and planting density on seed and oil yields of
sunflower hybrid. University of Khartoum Journal of Agriculture.
14(3):343-353. Ali, A.A., I.E. Mohamed and E.A. Babikir.2003.Effect of nitrogen and
phosphorus on growth and yield of irrigated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.).
Gezira Journal of Agricultural Science. 1(2):111-120. Ayyappan, S., R.B.Kumar and M.Ganapathy.2002. Influence of level of
nitrogen on the yield and quality of sunflower cv. IASH-1 under summer
and kharief seasons. Annuals of Agricultural Research. 23 (2): 317-318. British Pharmacopoeia Commission. “Ph. Euro. Monograph 1371” British
Pharmacopoeia, 2005. Norwich, England. The Stationary Office.ISBN0-
11-32-26-82-9. Daffalla, A.E.2010. Effect of Sowing Date, Skipping of
Irrigation and Nitrogen on growth, yield, oil
content and Quality of Winter-grown Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan. Daffalla, A.E., M.E. Lazim., S.M. Farah and E.A. Ahmed.2013. Effect
of sowing date and skipping of irrigation on growth, yield and yield
components of winter-grown sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Gezira
Journal of Agricultural Science. 11 (1): 54-65.
De Giorgio, D., V. Montermurro and F.Fornaro.2007. Four years field
experiments on nitrogen application to sunflower genotypes grown in
semiarid conditions. Helia 30(47):15-27. De Rodrigues, D.J., J. Remero- Garela,R. Rodrigues-Garcia and J.L
Angulo-Sanchez.2002. Characterization of proteins from sunflower
leaves and seeds: Relationship of biomass and seed yield, pp. 143-149.
In: J. Janick and A. Whipkey (eds). Trends in New Crops and New Uses.
Purdue University, USA.
El-Haj, A.A.H.1999. Sunflower Seed, Varietals, Storage and Foliar
Fertilizers Application Effect on Oil Quantity and Quality. Ph.D. Thesis.
University. of Gezira, Sudan. PP. 1-68. FAO. 2007. Food and
Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy. Ghazy, M.A. and M.E. Abu Gaazala. 1999. Intercropping sunflower with
soybean under water regime and nitrogen fertilizer levels. University of
Mansoura Journal of Agricultural Science 24 (1): 323-336. Hang, A.N. and D.W.Evans.1985. Deficit sprinkler irrigation of sunflower
and safflower. Agronomy Journal74 (4): 588-592. F.M., Khalifa, A.A.Schnetter, and E.T.Eltayeb. 2000. Temperature-germination
responses of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) genotypes. Helia 23: 97-
104.Lazim, M.E.H.1985. Influence of date of planting, transpiration and
water stress on growth and yield of sunflower including comparison with
corn. Field Crops Abstract 40(8): 623. Martinez, J F., J. Munoz and J. G. Arnaud. 1993. Performance of near isogenic high and low oleic acid
hybrids of sunflower. Crop Science. 33: 1159-1163. Osman, K.A.1995. Response of sunflower varieties to nitrogen and
phosphorus application. Annual Report, El-Obeid Research Station,
Sudan. Ramamoorthy, K.A., P. Murali and P. Subbin. 2009. Effect of
irrigation Scheduling and methods of irrigation on productivity and
water economy in hybrid sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Helia 32
(50):115-122. Zheljazkov, V.D., B.S. Vick, B.S. Baldwin, N. Buchring, T. Astatkie and
B. Johnson. 2009. Oil content and saturated fatty acids in sunflower as a
function of planting date, nitrogen rate and hybrid. Agricultural Journal.
101: 1003-1011.
