Phytochemical Constituents and In-Vitro Anticancer Activity of Acacia Nubica Benth. Seeds Ethanol Extract Against Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Abstract

Breast cancer (BC) is a neoplasm that occurs most frequently among women. It is regarded as a local and international health risk, particularly in developing nations like Sudan. There is global interest in finding novel, naturally occurring anticancer drugs with minimal side effects. This study has been designed to study phytochemical composition and explore the potential cytotoxic effects of Acacia nubica Benth. Seeds extract against two breast cancer cell lines and one normal cell line. Seeds extract was prepared using the ultrasonic-assisted extraction method, and the phytochemical constituents were screened using GC-MS and HPLC. The ethanol extract was screened for in vitro antiproliferative properties by using the MTT assay against human breast estrogen receptor-positive MCF-7, triple-negative MDA-MB-435 cancer cell lines, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) normal cell lines. Oleoyl chloride, oleic acid, linoleic acid palmitic acid, and myristic acid were the major components detected by GC-MS analysis while gallic acid is the only phenolic compound identified by HPLC. The ethanol extract exerted a selective great effect against MDA-MB-435 with IC50 equal to 0.050±0.003 with high selectivity index (SI) value > 1000. Overall, these results need to be supported by further studies including in silico and in vivo studies to evaluate the possible anti-cancer properties of Acacia nubica seeds extract and its constituents.